Refers to the ways one is seen, thought of and treated as less than human. Dehumanisation is a practice of violence as it involves denying racial minorities their full humanity.

Tends to involve forms of public shaming to assert dominence and reinforce social hierarchies like white privlidge. It can feel like being ‘torn down’.

Is when individuals and social groups are viewed as and treated as less than. It usually involves being made to feel small, less valuable or less worthy in ways that diminishes your sense of Self.

Occurs when one is outwardly denied or rejected. It can involve acts of agression; a disregard for boundaries; being talked down to; being treated with distain.

Psychological manipulation where accounts of racism are often denied. It is a form of control and emotional abuse that make people feel forced into suppressing or masking their experiences of racism.

Are expressions and acts of racism that are so covert and subtle that they have been normalised as ‘everyday’ or ‘casual’ racism. Normalised racism is often accepted to the point that it is denied as racism.

Refers to the invisible labour often experienced by minoritised groups who are forced to do ‘double work’ such as having to prove, having to defend against sterotypes, having to be a cultural ambassador.

Refers to being perpetually treated with suspicion by people and structures. It can feel like being hyper-policed; being watched; having ‘eyes on you’ all the time; being treated with suspicion.

Is the dual experience of ‘standing out’ and at the same time having parts of yourself erased or made invisible. It can feel like having a spotlight on your racial difference but being treated in a way that your personality, skills, interests are completed ignored.

Refers to the superficial efforts made by people and institutions to create the appearance of equality, diversity or inclusion without any meaningful or genuine action.